S9
The post-mitochondrial supernatant fraction, which is prepared by subjecting tissue homogenate to centrifugation at 12,000 g. This subcellular fraction contains both cytosol and microsomes, and is well suited for determining the profile of metabolism of xenobiotics in humans or animals because it contains enzymes involved in both phase I and II biotransformation
secondary active transporters
SLC transporters that allow solutes to flow against their electrochemical gradient by coupling to transport of a second solute that flows with its gradient, such that the overall free energy change is favorable
SLC transporters
Solute carrier transport proteins, mainly located in the outer cell membrane; however, some members of this group are located in mitochondria or other intracellular organelles. SLC transporters include proteins that are
facilitative transporters and
secondary active transporters.
SOP
Standard operating procedure
substrate
The substance acted upon by an enzyme.
SULT
Sulfotransferase. Phase II enzymes that catalyze the sulfation of xenobiotics. Note: The reaction catalyzed by these enzymes is actually one of sulfonation, for which reason SULTs are also known as sulfonotransferases.