Human Kidney Subcellular Fractions
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Kidneys have many metabolic responsibilities including the hydroxylation of fatty acids and their derivatives. There is increasing interest in renal metabolism due to the fact that the kidney can play a significant role in the metabolism of many xenobiotics and is a major site of drug-induced toxicity.
Human kidneys express relatively high levels of CYP4A and CYP4B enzymes, phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes including UGT1A6, UGT1A9/10, UGT2B7, SULT1C2 and DT-diaphorase (NQO1) and the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (MDR1).
To assess the stability of human and animal renal subcellular fractions, pooled samples were subjected to several freeze-thaw cycles, and analyzed for lauric acid 12-hydroxylation, umbelliferone glucuronidation and NADPH-cytochrome c reduction. As shown below, renal samples prepared by XenoTech’s subcellular fractionation protocol can be repeatedly frozen and thawed at least ten times without significant loss of CYP4A activity. Similar results were obtained for umbelliferone glucuronidation and NADPH-cytochrome c reduction.
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MicrosomesConcentration: 10 mg/mL
Suspension buffer: 250 mM sucrose
S9 fractionConcentration: 5 mg/mL
Suspension buffer: 50 mM TRIS
·HCl (pH 7.4 at 4°C) containing 150 mM KCl and 2 mM EDTA
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- NADPH-cytochrome c reductase
- Lauric Acid 12-hydroxylation
- 4-Methylumbelliferone glucuronidation
Return to TopFor other extrahepatic or subcellular fractions, please contact us to discuss our wide selection of Custom Products. We have extensive experience preparing a variety of unique research products (from human and laboratory animal sources) for a growing list of customers.
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Informed Consent Statement
A single organization regulates and oversees the use of human tissue intended for transplantation in the United States, namely the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Organ donors may elect to have their organs used either for transplantation only, or for transplantation or research. Thus, the donor (or the donor's family) has the right to prevent the use of the donor's organs for research. Regardless of the use of donated organs, no compensation is given to the donor’s family; any such compensation is illegal in the United States. In those cases where donors (or family members) elect to withhold organs from research uses, any organs that cannot be transplanted are discarded.
XenoTech receives hepatic, renal, intestinal, pulmonary, and other human tissue from various regional organ procurement organizations (OPOs) that obtain organs approved for research use. Regulations in the United States require that, regardless whether the organ is intended for transplantation or research purposes, the organ donor's identity be treated as highly confidential information. Organ procurement organizations maintain the informed consent records from each donor, and our Standard Operating Procedure requires that XenoTech personnel confirm the existence of informed consent for research purposes, prior to transport of organs to XenoTech. This procedure is intended to ensure that XenoTech manufactures human-derived products only when informed consent has been granted for research use of those specific organs. XenoTech does not, and, in consideration of confidentiality, cannot obtain the informed consent records from these organizations.
All human tissue accepted by XenoTech has been tested for the possible presence of various infectious diseases, and XenoTech does not accept human-derived material unless the donor has tested negative (non-reactive) for RPR, HIVAb, HTLVAb, HBsAg and HCVAb. All human tissue is also tested for CMVAb. However, due to the widespread (nearly ubiquitous) appearance of CMV in the population, and its relative insignificance as an infectious agent, tissues from donors reactive for CMVAb are accepted. The serology status of each donor is typically determined by ELISA by the organ procurement hospital.
XenoTech does not deal directly with - nor does it make any direct payments to - the surgeons who procure organs or the medical institutions where they work.
Subcellular fractions should be stored in an ultra-low freezer (-70°C or colder).
Caution: In the case of human tissue, XenoTech accepts only non-transplantable tissue from donors who test negative for HIV 1 and 2, HTLV, and Hepatitis B and C. However, as a precaution, all human-derived samples should be regarded as a potential biohazard and should be stored, handled and discarded accordingly. Cellular and subcellular fractions are intended for in vitro use only.
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Product No. |
Product |
Gender |
Amount |
H0610.R |
Pooled Human Renal Microsomes |
Mixed |
0.5 mL at 10 mg/mL |
H0610.RS9 |
Pooled Human Renal S9 Fraction |
Mixed |
1.0 mL at 5 mg/mL |
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